Kuziva nezve PE VS PVC

 

Nzira yekuziva sei PE firimu uye PVC firimu mune yakajairika kana zuva nezuva nzira?

 

Zvauri kutsvaga ndeye Beilstein bvunzo.Inotarisa kuvapo kwePVC nekuona kuvapo kweklorini.Iwe unoda propane torch (kana Bunsen burner) uye waya yemhangura.Waya yemhangura pachayo inotsva zvakachena asi kana yabatanidzwa nezvinhu zvine chlorine (PVC) inopisa girinhi.Pisai waya yemhangura pamusoro pemurazvo (shandisa pliers kuti uzvidzivirire uye shandisa waya refu) kubvisa zvasara zvisingadiwe.Dzvanya waya inopisa pasample yepurasitiki yako kuitira kuti imwe inyunguduke pawaya uye wotsiva waya yakavharwa yepurasitiki pamoto uye tarisa kune yakasvibira.Kana ichipisa girini yakajeka, une PVC.

Pakupedzisira, PE inopisa nekunhuwa kunge wakisi inopisa nepo PVC ine kunhuhwirira kwekemikari kwakanyanya uye inodzima pachayo pakarepo kana yabviswa murazvo.

 

"Ko polyethylene yakafanana nePVC?"Aihwa.

 

Polyethylene haina chlorine mumorekuru, PVC inoita.PVC ine chlorine-inotsiva polyvinyl, polyethylene haina.PVC ine hunhu hwakaomarara kupfuura polyethylene.CPVC zvakatonyanya.PVC inopinda mumvura nekufamba kwenguva iyo ine chepfu, polyethylene haina.PVC inoputika pasi pekudzvinyirira (saka haina kukodzera kushandiswa kwemhepo yakamanikidzwa), polyethylene haina.

 

Ose ari maviri thermoformed mapurasitiki.

 

PVC ndeye polyethylene here?

PVC, kana polyvinyl chloride, inotsiviwa polyethylene.Izvi zvinoreva kuti imwe neimwe kabhoni yeketani ine chlorine imwe yakasungirirwa pamwe nehydrogen, pane maviri mahydrogens anowanzo kuwanikwa pa polyethylene.

 

 

Chii chinonzi polyethylene plastiki inogadzirwa kubva?

Ethylene

 

Polyethylene (PE), yakareruka, inoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana resin yakagadzirwa kubva ku polymerization ye ethylene.Polyethylene inhengo yemhuri yakakosha yepololefin resins.

 

Chii chinonzi cross-link polyethylene?

Polyethylene ndeye refu-cheni hydrocarbon iyo inoumbwa nekutevedzana kubatanidza ethylene mamorekuru mukuita kunozivikanwa sepolymerization.Pane nzira dzakasiyana dzekuita iyi polymerization reaction.

 

Kana Ti-based inorganic catalyst (Ziegler polymerization) ikashandiswa, maitiro ekuita akapfava uye mhedzisiro yepolymer iri muchimiro chetani dzakareba kwazvo dzakazara hydrocarbon ine mashoma unsaturation (un-saturated -CH = CH2 mapoka) ingave chikamu. chetani kana seboka rakarembera.Ichi chigadzirwa chinonzi High Density Polyethylene (HDPE).Kunyangwe kana ma-co-monomers akadai se-1-butene akaverengerwa, mwero wekusaturation mune inoguma polymer (LLDPE) ishoma.

Kana Chromium Oxide yakavakirwa inorganic catalyst ikashandiswa, zvakare refu mutsara maketani ehydrocarbon anoumbwa, asi imwe nhanho yekusaturwa inoonekwa.Zvakare iyi iHDPE, asi ine-refu-chain branching.

Kana radical initiated polymerization ikaitwa, pane mukana kune ese ari maviri akareba cheni mupolymer, pamwe nemapoinzi akati wandei eunsaturated -CH=CH2 mapoka sechikamu chetani.Iyi resin inozivikanwa seLDPE.Maco-monome akati wandei akadai sevinyl acetate, 1-butene uye dienes anogona kuiswa kuti agadzirise uye ashande ehydrocarbon cheni, uye zvakare anosanganisira kuwedzera unsaturation mumapoka akarembera.

LDPE, nekuda kwehupamhi hwayo hwehuwandu hwekusagadzikana kwemukati, yakakosha pakuyambuka-kubatanidza.Ichi chiitiko chinoitika mushure mekutanga mutsara polymer yagadzirwa.Kana LDPE yakasanganiswa neakananga emahara radical intiators patembiricha yakasimudzwa, inosunga maketani akasiyana kuburikidza ne "cross-linking" kuburikidza.the unsaturated side cheni.Izvi zvinokonzera chimiro chepamusoro (3-dimensional structure) iyo yakawanda "yakasimba".

Crosslinking reactions inoshandiswa "kuseta" chimiro chakati, chingave chakasimba kana sefuro, kutanga neinochinjika, inobatwa zviri nyore polymer.Similar process of crosslinking inoshandiswa mu "vulcanization" yerabha, uko linear polymer yakagadzirwa kubva kuisoprene polymerization inogadzirwa kuita yakasimba 3-dimensional dhizaini uchishandisa sarufa (S8) semumiririri wekusunga pamwechete maketani akasiyana.Iyo dhigirii yekuyambuka-yakabatana inogona kudzorwa kukweretesa chakananga tariswa kune zvivakwa zvepolymer inoguma.


Nguva yekutumira: Oct-11-2022